ABSTRACT Considerable attention has been given to the development of new nutritional management strategies that can contribute to banana production be overestimated. The present study was motivated by the possibility that fertilizer application in front of the daughter plant might be more effective than application to the total banana production area. This study aimed to determine the most suitable site for soil collection to evaluate the chemical properties when fertilizer is applied in front of the daughter plant; to evaluate the efficacy of organic-mineral fertilizer in terms of soil nutrient availability, and to evaluate the effect on banana production. The experiment was conducted in three consolidated areas of banana plantation in Santa Catarina State. The effects of the combination of two main factors were evaluated: three fertilizer sources (mineral, mineral + organic compost or organic-mineral) and two application management (total area or in front of the plants), together with time (three years) and location (three municipalities). Each treatment was evaluated using a grid containing 20 banana plants (spaced at 2.5 × 2.5 m), with three replications of two plants in the central part. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The use of a mineral source reduced the pH over the years, regardless of the application technique. Application of fertilizers in front of the daughter plant increased available P and K in the soil, compared to the application of fertilizers to the total area “uniformly distributed between banana planting lines and between plants”. In addition, the increase in soil P content was higher using organic-mineral sources. The nutrient contents in the banana leaves did not differ according to the fertilization source. The application of fertilizers in front of the daughter plant optimized banana fertilization and increased fruit production. Under these fertilization conditions, soil for chemical analyses should be collected at around 0.70 m from the site of fertilizer application.

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of composted pig slurry (PS) on the organic matter concentration and distribution of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin (HU) fractions. The fractions were quantified following the addition of composted PS to the soil, which was produced with no acidification (T2) or with acidification with H3PO4 (T3); and in soil without compost addition (T1). The HA chemical composition was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The addition of the two composts did not change the soil carbon concentration but affected the distribution of the humic fractions. For the three treatments, the carbon concentration of humic substances increased until 52 days following compost addition, with more pronounced increases with the addition of non-acidified PS compost (14.5 g kg-1) and acidified PS compost (15.1 g kg-1). This increase was reflected in both the FA and HA concentrations. The addition of compost with PS acidification resulted in the formation of larger humic micelles (HA) with higher aromatic content and fewer functional groups than the non-acidified PS compost. These findings, together with a lower proportion of carbohydrate-type structures, indicated the presence of more stable humic micelles in the soil treated with acidified PS compost.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência das zeólitas naturais clinoptilolita e estilbita em mitigar as perdas de amônia (NH3) na fase inicial da compostagem de dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS). Foram conduzidos três experimentos em escala piloto, com duração de 14 dias cada um. As zeólitas foram adicionadas aos DLS em doses crescentes, de 5 a 20% (m/v), sobre substrato constituído pela mistura de serragem (70%) e maravalha (30%). Foram realizadas três aplicações de DLS + zeólitas por experimento, seguidas de revolvimento. O substrato passou por outros três revolvimentos entre as aplicações. As zeólitas reduziram as emissões de NH3 e a sua eficiência foi diretamente relacionada à dose aplicada. A clinoptilolita apresentou maior eficiência do que a estilbita. Na média dos três experimentos, a clinoptilolita reduziu em 24 a 76% as emissões de NH3. Os resultados evidenciam o alto potencial de zeólitas naturais, principalmente da clinoptilolita, em mitigar a volatilização de NH3 durante a compostagem de DLS.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the natural zeolites clinoptilolite and stilbite to mitigate ammonia (NH3) losses during the initial phase of pig slurry (PS) composting. Three experiments were performed in pilot scale, each lasting 14 days. The zeolites were added to the PS in increasing rates, from 5 to 20% (w/v), on a substrate consisting of a mixture of sawdust (70%) and shavings (30%). Three applications of PS + zeolites were performed per experiment, followed by a turning. The substrate went through three additional turnings, between applications. The zeolites reduced NH3 emissions and their efficiency was directly related to the applied rate. Clinoptilolite was more efficient than stilbite. In the average of the three experiments, clinoptilolite reduced in 24 to 76% NH3 emissions. The results show the high potential of natural zeolites, mainly clinoptilolite, in mitigating NH3 volatilization during PS composting.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a reação de resistência de porta-enxertos e cultivares de tomateiro à raça 3 de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici e a comprovação de sua resistência às raças 1 e 2. Os porta-enxertos testados foram: Guardião, Helper-M, Anchor-T, Dr. K, Kagemuscha, Block, Magnet e He-Man, e, como testemunhas, as cultivares 'Kada', 'Santa Clara', 'Gisele', 'BHRS 2,3'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas e 5 repetições, sendo os porta-enxertos e as cultivares, alocados na parcela principal e as 3 raças de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, nas subparcelas. As plantas foram inoculadas e mantidas em casa de vegetação com temperatura e umidade controladas. Os porta-enxertos foram avaliados pela severidade de infecção do fungo no xilema. Todos os porta-enxertos foram resistentes às raças 1 e 2 de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici e apenas Guardião e Block foram resistentes à raça 3.

The aim of this research was to verify the reaction of tomato rootstocks to race 3 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and his resistance to races 1 and 2. It was tested the rootstocks: Guardião, Helper-M, Anchor-T, Dr K, Kagemusha, Block, Magnet and He-man and, as a control, the cultivars 'Kada', 'Santa Clara', 'Gisele', 'BHRS 2,3'. The experimental design was a completely randomized type, with split-plots and 5 replicates. The rootstocks and cultivars were allocated in principal plot, and the 3 races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, in the sub-plots. The plants were inoculated and maintained in vegetation house with temperature and humidity controlled. The rootstock was assessed by the severity of disease infection in the xylem. All rootstock were resistant to races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and only Guardian and Block were resistant to race 3.